These processes interact with each other and with the processes in the other knowledge areas as well. Each process may involve effort from one or more individuals or groups of individuals based on the needs of the project. Each process generally occurs at least once in every project phase.
这些过程相互之间以及同其它知识领域的过程交互作用。每个过程包含了基于项目需求的个人或集体的努力。每个过程在每个项目阶段一般至少发生一次。

Although the processes are presented here as discrete elements with well-defined interfaces, in practice they may overlap and interact in ways not detailed here. Process interactions are discussed in detail in Chapter 3.
尽管这里描述的过程有定义很好的接口，并且是独立、离散的要素，实际上它们以这里未描述的方式重叠和交互作用。第3章中详细讨论过程的交互作用。

The processes, tools, and techniques used to integrate project management processes are the focus of this chapter. For example, project integration management comes into play when a cost estimate is needed for a contingency plan or when risks associated with various staffing alternatives must be identified. However, for a project to be completed successfully, integration must also occur in a number of other areas as well. For example:
本章焦点在于介绍用于集成项目管理过程的过程、工具和技术。例如，当一个应急计划需要成本估算时，或者与人员变化相关的风险要求被识别时，项目综合管理开始派上用场了。但为了项目成功，综合管理同样也发生在其它的许多领域。例如：